This project (2018-2021) was funded by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). As a promotor I worked with postdoctoral researcher Boris Verbrugge and PhD student Maria Eugenia Robles Mengoa to study informalization processes in the global gold production system.
Find all information on the project website
Output
Book
- Verbrugge, B., & Geenen, S. (Eds.) (2020) Global Gold Production Touching Ground. Expansion, Informalization, and Technological Innovation. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Articles/book chapters
- Dunia Kabunga, P. and Geenen, S. (2022) Work regimes and technology-driven transformations in DRCongo’s artisanal and small-scale gold mines. The Extractive Industries and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2022.101142
- Prescott, G.; Baird, M.; Geenen, S.; Nkuba, B.; Phelps, J. and Webb, E. (2022) Formalizing Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining: a Grand Challenge of the Minamata Convention. One Earth. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.02.005
- Robles, M.E.; Verbrugge, B. & Geenen, S. (2022) Does formalization make a difference in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM)? Insights from the Philippines. The Extractive Industries and Society, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2022.101078.
- Cuvelier, J., Geenen, S. and Verbrugge, B. (2022) Governance. In: D’Angelo, L. and Pijpers, R. The anthropology of resource extraction. Routledge: 77-93.
- Verbrugge, B., & Thiers, R. (2022) Artisanal and small-scale mining. In Akram-Lodhi, H., Dietz, K., Engels, B., & McKay, B. (eds.), Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies (pp. 401 – 409). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Geenen, S.; Bashizi, A.; Lunanga, E.; Dunia Kabunga, P.; Ntibonera Mushagalusa, A.; Kuliumbwa, E.; Bahati Mukulu, J. (2021) Industrie minière et développement local. Focus sur l’emploi dans les sous-traitances. IOB Working Paper 2021.01. Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Geenen, S. and Gleiberman, M. (2021) Superfluous jobs in extractive industries. The usefulness/uselessness of job creation after dispossession. Work, Employment and Society.
- Geenen, S. (2021) L’informalisation du travail : une enquête dans les sous-traitances du secteur minier en RDCongo. Dynamiques: histoire sociale en revue, 15/16: 1-13.
- Verbrugge, B., Lanzano, C. and Libassi, M. (2021) The cyanide revolution: Efficiency gains and exclusion in artisanal- and small-scale gold mining. Geoforum 126: 267-276.
- Verbrugge, B. and Robles Mengoa, E (2020) Making sense of global gold mining. Commodity Frontiers 1: 711.
- Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (2020) Introduction: Snapshots of Global Gold Mining. In: Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (eds) Global gold production touching ground. Expansion, informalization, and technological innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Geenen, S. and Verbrugge, B. (2020) Theorizing the Global Gold Production System. In: Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (2020) Global gold production touching ground. Expansion, informalization, and technological innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (2020) Global Expansion. In: Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (2020) Global gold production touching ground. Expansion, informalization, and technological innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Geenen, S. and Verbrugge, B. (2020) Informalization. In: Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (eds) Global gold production touching ground. Expansion, informalization, and technological innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Verbrugge, B. (2020) Technological Innovation and Structural Change. In: Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (eds) Global Gold Production Touching Ground: Expansion, Informalization, and Technological Innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Geenen, S. and Verbrugge, B. (2020) Conclusion. In: Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (eds) Global gold production touching ground. Expansion, informalization, and technological innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave
- Geenen, S. and Marijsse, S. (2020) The Democratic Republic of Congo: From Stones in the River to Diving for Dollars. In: Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (2020) Global gold production touching ground. Expansion, informalization, and technological innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Verbrugge, B. (2020) The Philippines: State-Sanctioned Informalization. In: Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (eds) Global Gold Production Touching Ground: Expansion, Informalization, and Technological Innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Robles Mengoa, M.E. and Uran, A. (2020) Colombia. Legal loopholes behind illegal gold trade. In: Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (eds) Global Gold Production Touching Ground: Expansion, Informalization, and Technological Innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
- Geenen, S. and Cuvelier, J. (2019) Local elites’ extraversion and repositioning: Continuities and changes in Congo’s mineral production networks.The Extractive Industries and Society. An international journal, 6 (2): 390-398.
- Geenen, S. (2019) Gold and godfathers: local content, politics, and capitalism in extractive industries. World Development 123.
- Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (2019) The gold commodity frontier: A fresh perspective on change and diversity in the global gold mining economy. The Extractive Industries and Society. An international journal, 6 (2): 413-423.
Survey reports
- Bikubanya, D.L.; Geenen, S. and Verbrugge, B. (2022) InforMining. Une étude approfondie des dynamiques d’informalisation dans la production mondiale de l’or. République Démocratique du Congo. IOB Working paper 2022.03. University of Antwerp.
- Robles Mengoa, M.E.; Geenen, S.; Verbrugge, B. and López Valverde, R. (2022) InForMining. Un estudio profundo de la informalidad en la producción global del oro. Perú. IOB Working paper 2022.04. University of Antwerp.
- Robles Mengoa, E.E.; Geenen, S.; Verbrugge, B.; Besmanos, B. and López Valverde, R. (2022) InforMining. An in-depth study of informalization in global gold production. The Philippines. IOB Working paper 2022.05. University of Antwerp.
Policy briefs
- Bikubanya, D.L. ; Geenen, S. and Verbrugge, B. (2022) “La mort, c’est la nourriture du creuseur”. Le travail informel dans les mines de Shabunda et Watsa à l’Est de la RDC.Analysis and Policy briefs 45. Institute of Development Policy (IOB). University of Antwerp.
- Robles Mengoa, E.; Geenen, S.; Verbrugge, B.; Besmanos, B. and López Valverde, R. (2022) Underground struggles: Improving working conditions in Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining. Lessons from Mindanao, Philippines. Analysis and Policy briefs 46. Institute of Development Policy (IOB). University of Antwerp.
- Robles Mengoa, E. ; Geenen, S. and Verbrugge, B. (2022) ¿Qué retos enfrenta la minería informal de oro en el Perú? Lecciones aprendidas de La Rinconada, Puno. Analysis and Policy briefs 45-46-47. Institute of Development Policy (IOB). University of Antwerp.
Blogs/opinion
- Geenen, S.; Gleiberman, M. and Lunanga, E. (2020). The myth of sustainable jobs in extractives. Africa is a country – (2020.06.25)
- Verbrugge, B. and Geenen, S. (2020) Goedkope arbeid is een cruciale grondstof voor de wereldeconomie. Opinie Knack.be, 09/02/2020.
- Verbrugge; B. and Titeca, K. (2019) Goede werkomstandigheden zijn goud waard. De Standaard 02/05/2019
- Geenen, S., & Verbrugge, B. (2020). Meet the struggling gold miners who are missing out on boom in the precious metal.